Seventy‐year disruption of seasons characteristics in the Arabian Peninsula

Climate change has significantly influenced the characteristics of seasons and negatively affected ecosystems socio-economic life. This study presents a new, objective definition for in Arabian Peninsula. Specifically, determines disruptions onset, cessation, duration winter, spring, summer, autumn based on mean intra-annual changes 12 climatological parameters from 1950 to 2019. Data were obtained National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis. These data analysed using two multivariate statistical methods: principal component analysis cluster analysis. The results show that four differ conventionally defined seasons. differing are (a) winter extends 91 days, between 2 November (the previous year) 31 January; (b) spring 111 until 22 May; (c) summer 106 5 September and, finally; (d) completes cycle, extending 57 days. To investigate decadal disruption seasons' characteristics, was performed collected during five overlapping 30-year periods: 1950–1979, 1960–1989, 1970–1999, 1980–2009, 1990–2019. most remarkable noticed last 30 years. Compared 70-year analysis, 1990–2019 showed extra prolongation shortage which aligns with recent warming drying Summer (winter) lasts 126 (76) All analyses propose all start earlier, compared astronomical definition. findings this key understanding consequences include impacts agriculture, water deficits, ecosystems, land cover.